Two Main Types of Suction Catheters: Clinical Selection Guide
What are the two types of suction catheters?
The Quick Answer
The two primary categories are: **1) Open suction systems** (single-use catheters requiring ventilator disconnection for tracheal suctioning), and **2) Closed suction systems** (in-line catheters within a sterile sleeve allowing suctioning without breaking the ventilator circuit). Yankauer devices represent a third specialized category: rigid oral suction tips distinct from flexible tracheal catheters.
Why We Ask This
Clinicians conflate all suction devices as interchangeable, leading to dangerous substitutions—like using a Yankauer for deep tracheal suctioning or flexible catheters for oral clearance—compromising airway safety and equipment effectiveness.
The Practical Science
Classification follows anatomical application: rigid Yankauer tips for oropharynx, flexible open catheters for intermittent tracheal suctioning, and closed systems for ventilated patients requiring frequent suctioning without circuit disruption. Each type addresses specific physiological and infection-control needs.
In Clinical Practice
For an intubated ICU patient requiring frequent suctioning, a closed system maintains ventilator support during the procedure. For an awake post-tonsillectomy patient with oral secretions, a Yankauer provides safe, non-traumatic clearance without airway instrumentation.
References & Context
Suction Catheter | Mouth Catheter for Clinics in Bulk - Medikabazaar"Open End Suction Catheter: Flexible, used for tracheal suctioning. Closed Suction Catheter: Flexible, enclosed in a sterile sleeve for ventilated patients."